What is Linux? - Guide for beginners
What is Linux and how does it work?
Linux - The core of an operating system
Often Linux is used as a simplified generic name for operating systems that are based on the Linux kernel - but in fact Linux is really just an operating system kernel that, along with many more software packages, can be used to build a complete operating system.
Many argue that such operating systems should be referred to as GNU/Linux, because the GNU (GNU's not Unix) software packages play such a central role in all Linux-based operating systems. Without these components, the Linux kernel would not be very useful, but in practice, it has become more common to neglect to say "Linux" when referring to the whole operating system.
The basics of Linux and its distributions
An operating system is the software that makes computers, servers, mobile phones and other devices work. As such, Linux can be compared to Windows or macOS, but with one fundamental difference: Linux is open source. This means that anyone can access, improve and customise the system to suit their own needs.
The foundation of a Linux system, the so-called "Linux kernel", is responsible for managing the computer's resources and communicating with the hardware. Based on the kernel, you can build different "distributions", i.e. different variants of Linux-based operating systems that make it easier to get started and use Linux. Today, few other systems can match the stability, security and flexibility that Linux offers, which is why so many companies and organisations choose Linux as the basis for their most important solutions.
Origin and development of Linux
The story of Linux begins in 1991, when Finnish student Linus Torvalds wanted to create his own free operating system inspired by Unix, which was already robust and proven, but often difficult for individuals and students to access, partly because it was not available for the most common hardware architecture for consumers, x86. Linus' ambition was simply to build something open, free and accessible to everyone.
It wasn't long before programmers from around the world started contributing their own improvements, new features and bug fixes. This marked the start of a global movement where collaboration and knowledge sharing became the norm. The project quickly became one of the most successful open source endeavours ever, and has inspired countless other initiatives in the software world since.
In what contexts is Linux used?
- Servers and data centres: The majority of the world's websites and cloud services run on Linux. Systems like Google, Facebook and Amazon are largely built on Linux-based servers.
- Embedded systems and IoTEmbedded systems and IoT devices such as cars, medical technology, industrial robots and smart homes are often controlled by Linux. Its flexibility allows it to be used in both small, low-resource devices and complex control systems.
- Computers and laptopsWindows and macOS dominate the consumer market, but many users still prefer Linux - mainly because of its open source nature, reliability and the possibility of greater system control. It is particularly favoured by developers and other tech-savvy users.
- Mobile phones: The operating system in Android phones is based on the Linux kernel. This has contributed to Linux-based systems dominating the mobile market globally.
- Supercomputers and researchOver 90% of the world's fastest supercomputers run Linux as their operating system. This makes Linux a mainstay in areas such as AI, scientific simulations, climate research, and other advanced computing.
Why companies choose Linux
Linux has become the operating system of choice for an increasing number of businesses, and the reasoning is perfectly logical. With open source, high security and the possibility of customised solutions, you get an operating system that you can really rely on, whatever the application. The main advantages are:
- Freedom and open source
- Stability and security focus
- High flexibility and customisability
Common Linux distributions
Linux comes in many different forms, known as distributions, each targeting different user groups and applications. Ubuntu, Debian, Arch Linux and Fedora are some examples of distributions widely used around the world. Each has its own characteristics; some are particularly easy to get started with, while others are optimised for maximum performance or stability.
For companies developing embedded systems, the Yocto project is a particularly important resource. With Yocto, you can create customised Linux distributions that are tailored to the needs and requirements of advanced products. At Codiax, we have deep expertise in Yocto and are happy to help companies develop robust and future-proof Linux solutions.
How to get started with Linux
Getting started with Linux is not as difficult as it may seem. You can simply download a distribution, create a USB stick and boot your computer from it, without making any changes to your existing hard drive. Most distributions also provide access to guides and support for beginners.
At Codiax we also offer training and workshops in Embedded Linux Basics and Yocto/OpenEmbedded which gives you the basic knowledge you need to get started.
Frequently asked questions about Linux
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What is the difference between Linux and Windows?
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What is open source?
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What programmes can I use on Linux?
Codiax - Your trusted Linux partner
At Codiax, we specialise in open source, embedded Linux, cyber security and real-time solutions. We offer a wide range of ready-made solutions and tools that make it easier to develop, test and maintain Linux-based systems, whether for completely new projects or further development of existing platforms.